Artikeln presenterar musikaliska egenskaper i traditionell fäbodmusikens i Sverige, med fokus på vallmusikens tonalitét, melodik och form. Artikeln sammanfattar ny forskning i fäbodmusikens tonspråk på ett enkelt sätt och nya rön baserade på unika  korpusstudier med metoder hämtade från modern kognitiv musikforskning ställs i relation till tidiga musikvetenskapliga studier av ämnet.

MITIS – Musical Informational Technology in School

The aim of the MITIS - project is to explore possibilities to create interactive teaching materials where new technology is used to distribute knowledge about musical structure (i.e. notation) as well as content in an interactive and creative way. This is carried out as a collaborative project between a group of music teachers, the company DoReMir, and researchers and staff from the Institution for Folk Music and the Institution for Music, Pedagogics and Society at the Royal College of Music in Stockholm.

The core foundation of the project is literacy in music – for example reading and writing notation (Asmus, 2004). Notation is for most musicians an important tool to use both for taking part of, interpreting, documenting and pass music on (Hultberg, 2000). In connection with the digitalization of society and digital tools to do things such as interpreting, documenting and pass music on made available to a broader public, traditional notation has got a more hidden place in music education in schools. In the Swedish curricula for the compulsory School, notation is explicitly mentioned in 1969. In the later Curricula’s, different kind of notation is mentioned, but not as explicitly as in earlier years (Skolöverstyrelsen, 1969; Skolverket, 2019). This also aligns with the development of society as a whole, and with the strategy for digitalization that was established by the Swedish government in 2017 (Regeringen, 2017) and can be seen as a development towards a wider view on different forms of notation. However, in the aesthetic program for the upper secondary school, reading traditional notation on a basic level, is required in the Curricula (Skolverket, 2020). Furthermore, to get access to higher music education in Sweden, the skill of reading traditional notation, is required. We argue therefore, that to increase music literacy, also in regard to reading notation, can be seen as an democratic issue. To make learning notation available and possible in an easy and digitalized way, with devices available to pupils in school, may be an important step to advance possibilities for every child to access higher music education.

An important part of the project is to develop and support learning and interpretation of notation in different creative ways. One of the starting points for this project is the technique for digital music interpretation that has been developed by DoReMir Music Research AB. This technique has been used in an app called Notysing, for learning to read and sing traditional notation with a digital device such as a reading tablet or mobile phone. The project has been running since 2018. The first year the focus was to develop the app, test it within a small group of music teachers, and ensure good technical quality as well as pedagogical foundations for the design. In 2019 testing started in compulsory as well as in upper secondary School in Sweden, with focus on gathering qualitative data through a digital survey in the app. During autumn 2020 a qualitive study has been conducted, and in-depth interviews are in progress. Pupils in San Diego has been included in 2020, also as a part of finding new teaching strategies for distance education during the Covid19 pandemic. It has been developed and tested with over 200 pupils and music teachers.

Preliminary results suggest that pupils and music teachers are positive to learn notation through an app that uses gamification to enhance and motivate learning, and that issues that arise are mostly technical, and that the equipment of the schools, and technical skills ana knowledge of the music teacher are crucial for success. Furthermore, the results indicate that regards must be taken to

different systems for managing IT in different schools and municipalities. Last but not least, there are great school-cultural differences in how schools work with notation in San Diego and in Sweden, which once again raises questions about how to work with it in our context, and also, why we work with it the way we currently do.

References

Asmus, E. P. (2004). Music Teaching and Music Literacy. Journal of Music Teacher Education, 13(2), 6–8. https://doi.org/10.1177/10570837040130020102

Hultberg, C. (2000). The Printed Score As a Mediator of Musical Meaning – Approaches to Musical notation on Western Tonal Tradition. [Doctoral thesis, Malmö Academy of Music].

Regeringen. (2017). Nationell digitaliseringsstrategi för skolväsendet. Utbildningsdepartementet: Bilaga till regeringsbeslut I:1, 2017-10-19.

Skolöverstyrelsen. (1969). Läroplan för grundskolan 1 Allmän del. Utbildningsförlaget

Skolverket (2019). Läroplan för grundskolan, förskoleklassen och fritidshemmet 2011. Reviderad 2019. Skolverket. Skolverket.( 2020). https://www.skolverket.se/undervisning/gymnasieskolan/laroplan-program-och-amnen-i-gymnasieskolan/gymnasieprogrammen/amne?url=1530314731%2Fsyllabuscw%2Fjsp%2Fsubject.htm%3FsubjectCode%3DMUS%26courseCode%3DMUSINS01S%26tos%3Dgy&sv.url=12.5dfee44715d35a5cdfa92a3#anchor_MUSINS01

Stylistic Feature Mapping for Music Performance 

In the late 1970s, the Royal College of Music in Stockholm (KMH) started professional performance programs for musicians outside the domain of Western Classical Music, including e.g. Jazz and Swedish Folk music. In the beginning, it was regarded an opportunity for informally trained musicians in these genres to receive proper music education. 

However, it soon became clear that these students, in order to develop their artistic practice within their own genres within the domain of academic music performance training, needed terminology, concepts and methods for to describe the values, aesthetics, expressions, musical structures, instrumental techniques etc. of importance in their musical practice. 

In the clash between musical styles developed outside of the music academies and the art music with its rich history of prescriptive descriptive concepts, there was a need for communication of expressional qualities between different musical styles – and this need for revealing the tacit knowledge of non- academic performers were in particular prominent in Folk Music. An artistic research project was initiated, conducted between 1983 and 1987 (Ahlbäck 1987), with the aim to study, document and describe performance style and techniques in Swedish fiddle music from a performance perspective, however making style comparisons possible. 

One outcome of the project was a system for description and mapping of performance style qualities, and this ‘style mapping model’ originally developed for fiddle music emerged into a more general model for describing performance style qualities that has been used in artistic reflective training and in thesis work at KMH for more than 30 years, as a tool for developing, describing, documenting and communicating artistic directions and concepts. 

This paper discusses the features of this model in relation to musicological and music psychological approaches to music expression and style and presents empirical results from the application of the system within performance training for over 30 years including over 250 students, as well as examples of influences on contemporary musical practice. 

How has this approach been used for development of musical concepts in different artistic reflective works? What can be learned from applying this mapping system in the meeting between musicians with different musical values? 

”We hear what we know” - On the power of conceptsand how traditional fiddle music in contemporary society can benefit fromfolk music theorySwedish fiddle music, just as many other fiddle traditions, has a strong connection to dance. Making people want to move their feet is one of the chief tasks ofthe fiddler, and this connection still influences the music today, even thoughthe music might be played on concert stages or be digitally streamed.So what constitutes this knowledge of the fiddler? What is important when playing a certain local styleof Swedish polska so people actually can dance to it?    If you live in an isolated community with no contact with the outside world you might not have to reflect on what is the stylistic features of your tradition but today folk music generally lives in a multi-stylistic world where different value systemsthat originates from other music traditions than fiddle music dominates. Today’s fiddlers will have to relate to today’s world of music, whether we want it or not.In Sweden, since the 19th century, there has been a tradition of mystifying the knowledge of the fiddler, making the competence of playing a matter of socio-cultural background,  geography and ancestry.The perils of this view is that the qualities of  art of fiddling might be obscuredand  actually might be lost when music transforms - as music always do.In this talk Sven Ahlbäck, who is a traditional fiddler deeply rooted in traditional Swedish FolkMusic and very involved in development of new ensemble playing and teaching, will talkabout how conceptualising stylistic qualities of Swedish fiddle music such as e.g.asymmetrical beats, swing, bowing and intonation have influenced the developmentof today’s Swedish folk music, even beyond the fiddle.

Many AI applications on music relates to music theoretical models, in the sense of musical concepts and ideas of how music works, that are not always made explicit, explicitly discussed or questioned. Already the choice of representations of music and sound as well as the selection of data for training models can influence models and creative output greatly. Here we will give some examples of problems arising when modelling basic musical features, from the experience of developing  automatic music notation.

One thing that has inspired me about film music is that it has always managed to easily pull me into a different reality. In this essay I have gone deeper into different methods of convey- ing storytelling through music. I have composed nine songs to four different filmmakers materials. This was performed at KMH the 6th of April. I did some thorough research before composing, which affected my way of approaching the music. The methods I used was proven helpful for me, not only in a compositional stage, but useful also in my vocal interpretation, when conveying the material to a band and when thinking about how the concert was going to be executed. I will use these methods further in my work as a singer and composer.

Sergei Rachmaninov är en av de allra största profilerna som funnits inom den klassiska musiken. Den ryske pianisten, dirigenten och kompositören med de jättelika händerna var en av de allra sista romantiska tonsättarna och var inspirerad av äldre ryska tonsättare som Tchaikovsky och Rimsky-Korsakov och hade pianot som central punkt i sitt komponerande. Genom sin pianistiska skicklighet utforskade Rachmaninov instrumentets möjligheter till bredden med verk som ”Etudes Tableaux” opus 33 och 39, den första pianosonaten (op. 28) och pianokonserterna (op. 1, 18, 30 och 40) för att nämna några. Den andra pianosonaten i Bb-moll, op. 36, kom att bli ett av de största, mest kända och krävande verk för solopiano som Rachmaninov komponerade. Sonaten skrevs 1913 och fick ett gott mottagande när den uruppfördes i december samma år med Rachmaninov själv vid flygeln.

Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att grundligt gå igenom bakgrunden till sonaten som troligtvis är ett av de verk Rachmaninov arbetat på mest, och att ge en praktisk guide för andra som önskar spela sonaten.

I kapitel 2 kommer jag göra en kort sammanfattning av Rachmaninovs liv och belysa relevant information om mannen bakom verket. Det tredje kapitlet handlar om bakgrunden till sonaten, tiden innan den skrevs och de olika versionerna och det fjärde kapitlet är en djupdykning i notbild och text och hur jag gått till väga med övning och framförande. Slutligen avslutas denna text med en kort slutsats.

Audio-to-lyrics transcription and alignment requires strong acoustic and language models that are trained on in-domain data and a well-adapted pronunciation model for singing. Even in the presence of such models, the length of audio segments for decoding remains a challenge. In this year’s MIREX submission, we present a recursive search method that splits the audio with respect to anchor- ing words for performing alignment on shorter audio seg- ments. The recursive is applied through gradually restrict- ing the language model and search space after each search iteration. We apply a final pass of forced alignment on the segmented audio to obtain timings for every word in the input song lyrics. According to the initial experiments, our system is robust to various musical genre while being executable on local machines with low memory and com- putational resources.

Speech recognition is a well developed research field so that the current state of the art systems are being used in many applications in the software industry, yet as by today, there still does not exist such robust system for the recognition of words and sentences from singing voice. This paper proposes a complete pipeline for this task which may commonly be referred as automatic lyrics transcription (ALT). We have trained convolutional time-delay neural networks with self-attention on monophonic karaoke recordings using a sequence classification objective for building the acoustic model. The dataset used in this study, DAMP - Sing! 300x30x2 [1] is filtered to have songs with only English lyrics. Different language models are tested including MaxEnt and Recurrent Neural Networks based methods which are trained on the lyrics of pop songs in English. An in-depth analysis of the self-attention mechanism is held while tuning its context width and the number of attention heads. Using the best settings, our system achieves significant improvement to the state-of-the-art in ALT and provides a new baseline for the task.

To engage students in and beyond course activities has been a working practice both at KTH Sound and Music Computing group and at KMH Royal College of Music since many years. This paper collects experiences of involving students in research conducted within the two institutions.  We describe how students attending our courses are given the possibility to be involved in our research activities, and we argue that their involvement both contributes to develop new research and benefits the students in the short and long term.  Among the assignments, activities, and tasks we offer in our education programs are pilot experiments, prototype development, public exhibitions, performing, composing, data collection, analysis challenges, and bachelor and master thesis projects that lead to academic publications.

I denna antologi bjuder vi in dig till ett urval av aktuell musikforskning som bedrivs av MIRAC:s medlemmar. MIRAC är en akronym för Music Focused Interdisciplinary Research & Analysis Center. Redan på 1960-talet konstaterade forskare att branschen är komplex och föränderlig. Det var den då och är idag ännu mer komplex. Denna komplexitet återspeglas även i forskningen och så även i denna antologi. Även om denna komplexitet inte till fullo går att beskriva inom ramen för denna antologi illustrerar kapitlen ändå bredden på forskningsfältet. Vissa kapitel har empirisk tyngdpunkt, ibland med forskare som själv agerar i rollen som musikskapare. Andra kapitel är mer teoretiskt orienterade i vilka blicken höjs från det specifika till det mer abstrakta och generella. Flera har ett svenskt fokus medan andra har internationella perspektiv och vissa kombinerar både. Antologin och dess kapitel bör därför betraktas som ett antal nedslag och urval av aktuell nordisk musikforskning. 

Musikforskningen är idag pluralistisk och spänner över de flesta vetenskapliga discipliner. Vissa delar av musikforskningen har gamla anor medan andra är relativt nya. Till de äldre hör musikvetenskapen vars anor sträcker sig tillbaka till det antika Grekland, men som blev ett akademiskt ämne i slutet av1800-talet. Till de yngre hör musikproduktion som i Sverige etablerades först under 1980-talet. Ämnets uppkomst har sina rötter i inspelningstekniska innovationer som möjliggjorde flerkanalsinspelning och banade väg för alltmer avancerade musikproduktioner. Under de senaste decennierna har producenterna blivit alltmer framträdande och vissa har idag egen stjärnstatus med svenska exempel som Dennis Pop, Shellback, Laleh, Max Martin med flera. Den ständigt pågående tekniska utvecklingen för att sprida och framföra musik har under de senaste 150-åren påverkat och förändrat förutsättningarna för både musikskapare och musikbranschen på ett genomgripande sätt. I skrivande stund pågår nu en livfull debatt om den artificiella intelligensens påverkan och betydelse för vårt musiklandskap. 

Denna utveckling påverkar även musikforskningen genom de teman som väljs och de frågor som formuleras. Forskningen bidrar med ökad kunskap och förståelse för musikskapandets förutsättningar utifrån aspekter såsom teknisk utveckling, organisering, juridik, lyssnarbeteenden, ekonomi, marknadsföring, distribution, skapande, kreativitet, pedagogik, företagande, entreprenörskap med mera. Dessutom utgör forskning grunden för högre utbildning och påverkar därmed innehåll och utformningen på utbildningar för blivande musikskapare, branschaktörer och forskare. Musikskapare, branschaktörer, utbildare, studenter och forskare ingår således i samma ekosystem med ömsesidig påverkan. 

Antologin riktar sig till studenter på olika musikutbildningar, till branschaktörer, musikskapare samt de som är nyfikna och intresserade. Den är skriven på svenska av flera skäl. Idag är utbudet av forskningsartiklar och studentlitteratur på svenska mycket begränsat. Därför saknar lärare, men framför allt studenter svensk-språkiga begrepp. Utvecklingen förefaller gå mot att svenska begrepp successivt faller i glömska till förmån för engelska begrepp, eller att de används parallellt med ökad förvirring om dess innebörd. Det är även vanligt att engelska begrepp försvenskas på mer eller minde lyckade grammatiska och betydelsebärande sätt, så kallad direktlån. Därför har vi uppmuntrat författarna att i möjligaste mån använda svenska begrepp, om sådana finns, för att komplettera engelskspråkiga alternativ. Detta är kanske av speciellt värde när studenterna ska författa akademiska texter och kommunicera och verka i en svensk kontext. 

Vidare domineras forskning idag av studier om engelskspråkiga marknader. Även om det går att argumentera för att musikbranschen idag utgör en global marknad uppvisar olika regioner variation i fråga om exempelvis lagstiftning, branschkonventioner, IT-kompetens och infrastruktur vilket gör att det inte okritiskt går att överföra forskningsresultat om en marknad till en annan. Det blev tydligt när Sverige, som det första landet i världen, uppvisade ökade intäkter från inspelad musik efter den stora krisen för skivbranschen kring 2010-talet, vilket även väckte internationell uppmärksamhet. I flera av kapitlen studeras även svenska fenomen och svenska artister, vilket utgör ett komplement till den engelskspråkiga forskningsdominansen. 

Antologin kan läsas på olika sätt, antingen som en helhet eller som fristående kapitel. Den består sammanlagt av tretton kapitel som spänner över olika frågeställningar, teman, perspektiv och vetenskapliga discipliner om musik, musikproduktion och musikbransch. Inom denna variation ställs frågor som rör utvecklingen av artificiell intelligens och den förvirring som råder om begreppets innebörd. Två kapitel utforskar kulturellt entreprenörskap, ett med fokus på begreppets innebörd och definition medan det andra använder begreppet som en del i sin analys av dansmusikscenens etableringen under 1980- och 1990-talen. Ytterligare ett kapitel undersöker teknikens påverkan på den konstnärliga gestaltningen live med fokus på medhörningens betydelse. I ett annat kapitel reflekterar författaren över hur vi talar om och upplever musik med fokus på den vardagliga lyssnarens upplevelse. I ett annat kapitel introducerar författaren begreppet tankestilar som tänkte att fungera som ett verktyg för reflektion om det egna musikskapandets förutsättningar och förhållande till omgivningen. Två av bidragen är relaterade till Covidpandemin, ett undersöker dess effekter på musikbranschen och ett annat använder den som grund för att undersöka vad som driver och håller samman ett rockband. Ett kapitel berör branschens förändring, vilken resulterat i att tidigare roller successivt glider in i varandra, i detta fall rollerna som kompositör och producent. I ett annat kapitel ställs frågan om hur musikens värde är relaterat till pris och hur framtidens musik kan finansieras. Till sist finns tre kapitel som blickar tillbaka i tiden, ett handlar om Calle Jularbo, ett om ABBA och ett om Abbey Road. Alla tre har det gemensamt att de utgår från ett nutidsperspektiv vilket visar att dessa företeelser inte enbart är historiskt intressanta utan fortfarande är kulturellt och kommersiellt relevanta. Samtliga kapitel är förhandsgranskade anonymt av en författarkollega samt av minst en av medlemmarna i redaktionsgruppen.

In a jazz ensemble, the timing patterns within each instrument and between instruments vary systematically depending on the instrument, tempo, style, and other parameters. A set of computer tools is described to modify these timing parameters according to previous measurements, allowing a large flexibility to account for individual differences and preferences. Four different jazz trio recordings were transcribed and annotated, and the tools were then used to recreate or modify the timing patterns in synthesized versions. These tools can be used for pedagogical purposes in which a music example can be played with different timing interpretations. It can also be used as a tool for research in which controlled factorial experiments can be designed.

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The purpose of this study is to identify traditions that can be valued as important in Swedish higher education in music production and music technology, to explore what characterizes such traditions and how they can be important for students in music production education. The research material consists of a selec- tion of previous research and other literature that concerns music production and traditions in higher education. A knowledge-critical analysis method and a peda- gogical model for higher education with a focus on what the students do and how they relate to teaching and education have been used to analyse the research mate- rial. The analysis shows that there are many different traditions in higher music education. Some traditions are very old, and some are also difficult to interpret and therefore the understanding of such traditions can be challenging for both students and teachers in higher education in music production and music technology.

Innovation in Music: Cultures and Contexts is a groundbreaking collection bringing together contributions from instructors, researchers, and professionals. Split into two sections, covering creative production practices and national/international perspectives, this volume offers truly global outlooks on ever-evolving practices.

Including chapters on Dolby Atmos, the history of distortion, creativity in the pandemic, and remote music collaboration, this is recommended reading for professionals, students, and researchers looking for global insights into the fields of music production, music business, and music technology.

Innovation in Music: Technology and Creativity is a groundbreaking collection bringing together contributions from instructors, researchers, and professionals. Split into two sections, covering composition and performance, and technology and innovation, this volume offers truly international perspectives on ever-evolving practices.

Including chapters on audience interaction, dynamic music methods, AI, and live electronic performances, this is recommended reading for professionals, students, and researchers looking for global insights into the fields of music production, music business, and music technology.

Denna studie fokuserar på kärnegenskaper hos två mycket framgångsrika upphovspersoner inom populärmusik: Irving Berlin (1888-1989) och Martin Sandberg (1971-), också känd som Max Martin. Även om det naturligtvis finns stora skillnader i det omgivande samhället och den kultur där Berlin var och Sandberg är aktiv, finns ändå uppenbara likheter mellan de båda. I denna delstudie, som ingår i projektet Searching for Sophia in Music Production, presenterar vi en kunskapskritisk analys av två intervjuer; en med Irving Berlin och en med Martin Sandberg. Intervjun med Berlin genomfördes av Frank Ward O'Malley (1875-1932) och var ursprungligen publicerad i "The American Magazine", Volym 90, oktober 1920, där Berlin presenterade "Nine Rules for Writing Popular Songs". Intervjun med Martin Sandberg genomförde vi själva i november 2019 där vi, bland annat, bad honom bedöma en musikproduktions- och låtskrivarmodell som vi själva tagit fram baserad på strategier som användes av Dag Volle (1963– 1998), även känd som Denniz PoP. Vi har i tidigare delstudier utvecklat denna modell och Volle är mycket intressant som studieobjekt eftersom han, trots att han saknade formell musikutbildning, var en mycket framgångsrik svensk musikproducent och även lade grunden till att utveckla nya innovativa musikproduktionsmetoder som flera av hans medarbetare, där ibland Martin Sandberg, har fortsatt att använda och utveckla vidare. I analysen jämförs Berlins reflektioner kring sin egen modell ”Nine Rules for Writing Popular Songs” och Sandbergs reflektioner över vår egen Denniz PoP-modell. Undersökningsresultaten visar på stora likheter, men också vissa tydliga skillnader, mellan vilka aspekter som Berlin och Sandberg betonar som viktiga för hur upphovspersoner kan eller bör agera för att kunna skapa musik som lever upp till egna konstnärliga mål och även når stor popularitet. Erfarenheter från denna studie bör därför kunna bidra med värdefull kunskap till artister, musiker, musikproducenter och andra verksamma, som till exempel studenter, inom pop(ulär)musikproduktion.

Innovation in Music 2022

FRIDAY 2022-06-17 

Welcome to Innovation in music 2022! - 15:30 1C103 - Lilla salen 1

Keynote 1: Armen Shaomian - 15:45 - 1C103 - Lilla salen  1

Panel 1: Entrepreneurship, Copyright, & Innovation in Music: Linda Portnoff, Christian Råsmark, Thomas Arctaedius & Örjan Strandberg 15:30 - 1C103 - Lilla salen  1

Seminar with online presenters 17:30 - Lilla salen 

Paul Novotny: How to Put Together a Premium DIY Dolby Atmos 'Tiny Studio' on a Budget  

Anders Lind: Music for the mobile phone orchestra, string orchestra and analog synthesizers: An evaluation of a concert hall performance including 15-year-old non musicians as performers  2

Pedro Miguel Ferreira: Road(ies) To Nowhere? A Portuguese live music perspective, Eirik Askerøi: Sonic Markers in Popular Music: Innovation - Trend - Tradition, Ola Buan Øien: The Dialogue of Mr. Question Mark and Sylvia Massy: Challenging norms at the intersection of crafts and creativity in music recording contexts  3

SATURDAY 2022-06-18  

Welcome with music: Henry Mikkonen & Martin Åberg 08:45 - Lilla salen  4

Seminar with online presenters 09:00 - Lilla salen  4

Yuxiang Cai, Rui Liu and Xuefeng Zhou: An investigation of piano timbre preference based on employing equalizer to adjust the harmonic loudness, Martin Koszolko: Connecting across borders: communication tools, group structures and practices of remote music collaborators, Hussein Boon: Two Production Strategies for Music Synchronisation As Speculative Entrepreneurship  5

Yngvar Kjus, Ragnhild Brøvig-Hanssen & Solveig Wang: Encountering new technology: A study of how female creators explore DAWs, Scott Stickland, Nathan Scott & Rukshan Athauda: The DAW Collaboration Framework: Improving Creative Opportunities and Authenticity in Collaborative Online Audio Mixing  6

Samuel Lynch & Helen English, Jon Drummond, Nathan Scott: Exploring Dynamic Music Methods to Extend Compositional Outcomes  7

Session 1 A 10:20-12.00 - 1C103 (Lilla salen) 

Ingvild Koksvik: Staging Notions of Space: Developing a Practice-Based Model for Realizing Compositional Intention in 3D and Stereo Record Production  8

Grzegorz Trela: The sound from behind the Iron Curtain: Record production in the Polish People's Republic  8

Marc Estibeiro: An interactive chamber work for two classical guitars and electronics which uses the natural sound of the acoustic instruments as both source material for electronic processing and as a means of controlling the electronic part  9

Stephen Bruel: Remastering Elton John's Goodbye Yellow Brick Road  9

Session 1 B 10:20-12.00 (1D221)  9

Claus Sohn Andersen: The space is the place - Interplay and interaction in an extreme location  9

Matthew Lovett: Artificial creativity and tools for understanding: music, creative labour and AI  10

Tony Dupé: Self Production as a Creative Practice  10

Leigh Shields: Exploring the history of distortion in Drum and Bass  11

Session 1 C 10:20-12.00 (1E207)  11

Matthias Jung & Vegard Kummen: Hacking the concert experience - exploring co-creative audience interaction at a chiptune live performance  11

Haoran Jiang: A History of Taiwan's Recording Industry: Production and Promotion Strategies of Campus Song Records by Synco Corporation  12

Mat Dalgleish: Unconventional Inputs: The Modular Synthesizer as One-Handed Instrument 12

Shib Shankar Chowdhury: Autoethnography and composition for Innovative music creation about Pandemic with reference to "I Am Virus"  13

Keynote 2: Susanne Rosenberg 13:00-13:50 - 1C103 (Lilla salen)  13

Session 2 A 14:00-15:40 - 1C103 (Lilla salen)  14

Håkan Lindberg: Innovation solving problems with vocal recordings  14

Emil Kraugerud: Closeness beyond closeness: The technological facilitation of acousmatic hyperintimacy 14

Bjørnar Sandvik: Sample, Slice, and Stretch! Four Innovative Moments in the History of Waveform Representation  14

Antti Sakari Saario: “Yesterday’s Charm, Today’s Precision”: Martin B. Kantola and the design of a new ‘classic’ microphone (Nordic Audio Labs NU-100K)  15

Session 2 B 14:00-15:40 (1D221)  16

Florian Hollerweger: Audio beyond Demand: Creative Reinventions of the Broadcast Listening Experience 16

Sven Ubik, Jakub Halak, Martin Kolbe & Jiri Melnikov: Comfortable playing together over distance  16

Mattias Petersson: A new morphology – Strategies for innovation in live electronics performance  16

Zachary Diaz: Signifyin(g) Producers: The Roland SP-404 and The Evolution of Live Instrumental Hip-Hop Performance  17

Session 2 C 14:00-15:40 (1E207)  17

Kirsten Hermes: Levelling up chiptune: nostalgic retro games console sounds for the ROLI Seaboard  17

Ambrose Field & Ling Ding: Innovation and music business: a new approach for international partnership in music  18

Egor Poliakov & Martin Pfleiderer and Christon-Ragavan Nadar: Analyze! Development and integration of software-based tools for musicological and music theoretical needs  18

Christos Moralis: The ‘Performable Recordings’ model: Bridging the gap between the ‘Human’ and ‘Non-Human’ in Live Electronic Music Performance  19

Session 3 A 16:00-17:15 (1C103 Lilla salen)  19

Scott L. Miller & Carla Rees: Telematic Performance and Recording of Interactive Electroacoustic Chamber Music  19

Henrik Langemyr: Music(al) Production: To Compose and Produce Musical for Recorded Medium: Based on the Perspective of Music, and Media Production  20

Session 3 B 16:00-17:15 (1D221)  20

Phil Harding: Transforming A Pop Song: The Journey of the Extended Club Remix  20

M. Nyssim Lefford & Gary Bromham and David Moffat: From Intelligent Digital Assistant to Intelligent Digital Collaborator  21

Brendan Williams: Creative Potentials for Dolby Atmos: Presenting the self-balancing acoustic ensemble  21

Session 3 C 16:00-17:15 (1E207)  22

Henrique Portovedo & Ângelo Martingo: Transforming Performance with HASGS: research-led artistic practice in augmented instruments  22

Ambrose Field: Rethinking the relationships between space, performance and composition in notated acoustic composition: Quantaform Series  22

Hans Lindetorp: Gesture-controlled synths with WebAudioXML  22

Panel 2: How to get published? And Book releases Chair: Rob Toulson  23

Keynote 3: Sven Ahlbäck, Christian Råsmark & Rob Toulson  23

SUNDAY 2022-06-19 

Welcome with music: Henry Mikkonen & Martin Åberg - 08:45 Lilla salen  23

Panel 3: Exploring Dolby Atmos: Past Present and Future Chair: Daniel Pratt  23

Session 4 A 10:20-12:00 - 1C103 (Lilla salen)  23

Enric Guaus & Alex Barrachina, Gabriel Saber, Víctor Sanahuja, Josep Comajuncosas: Exploring a network setup for music experimentation  23

Paul Thompson, Mcnally Kirk & Toby Seay: Multiple Takes: Multitrack Audio as a Musical, Cultural, and Historical Resource  24

Jo Lord & Michail Exarchos: Dynamic meta-spatialisation: Narrative and recontextualisation implications of spatial stage stacking  24

Stefan Östersjö, Thanh Thuy Nguyen & Matthew Wright: Yellow music in diaspora: Re-inventing the sound of pre-1975 record production in Sài Gòn  25

Session 4 B 10:20-12:00 (1D221)  25

Hans Lindetorp: Towards a standard for interactive music  25

Jessica Edlom, Jenny Karlsson & Linda Ryan Bengtsson: Innovating music experiences – Creativity in pandemic times  25

Alicja Sulkowska: Before Our Spring – towards the concept of intermedial authenticity in a curated K-pop industry. On the example of Kim Jonghyun’s “Blue Night Radio”  26

Dave Fortune: Composing Without Keys: The LFO as a Composition Tool  27

Session 4 C 10:20-12:00 (1E207)  27

Mads Walther-Hansen & Anders Eskildsen: Forceful Action and Interaction in Non-Haptic User Interfaces for Music Production  27

Charles Norton, Justin Paterson & Daniel Pratt: Musical connections and enhanced performance control, a strategy to reduce complexity  28

Kjell Andreas Oddekalv: Rap as composite auditory streams: Techniques and approaches for layered vocal production in hip-hop and their aesthetic and philosophical implications  28

Liucija Fosseli: Music Business Present and Future Innovations. Perspectives of international songwriters and producers working towards Chinas´market  29

Keynote 4: Håkan Lidbo 13:00-13:50 - 1C103 (Lilla salen)  29

Session 5 A 14:00-15:40 - 1C103 (Lilla salen)  29

Stefan Östersjö & Jan Berg, Anders Hultqvist: A Deepened ‘Sense of Place’: ecologies of sound and vibration in urban settings and domesticated landscapes  29

Andy Visser & Justin Paterson: HAPPIE: The Haptic Audio-Production Pipeline – A novel method for accomplishing audio-production tasks using haptic feedback within a Mixed Reality [MR] environment 30

Jon Marius Aareskjold-Drecker & Ragnhild Brøvig-Hanssen: Vocal Chops: Balancing the Uncanny Valley 30

Jacob Westberg: Ludonarrative Harmony: Music production through the lens of game design 31

Session 5 B 14:00-15:40 (1D221)

Thomas Bårdsen: Improving the republishing process of legacy music productions through documented source selection and reformatting  31

Toivo Burlin: Mobile Classical Music – Recording, Innovation and Mediatization. Three Swedish case studies from the 1940’s to 2021  31

David Thyrén, Jan-Olof Gullö, Per-Henrik Holgersson & Thomas Florén: Icebreakers and clusters within the Swedish music wonder  32

Russ Hepworth-Sawyer, Rob Toulson & John-Paul Braddock: UDPi Mastering Protocol  32

Session 5 C 14:00-15:40 (1E207)  33

Mads Walther-Hansen: Music Production Entrepreneurship – Between Art and Business  33

Thomas Arctaedius, Martin Q Larsson, Emilie Lidgard & Madeleine Jonsson Gill: Experiences from a Learning Lab – Cross Innovation in Music/Arts  33

Daniel Pratt & Toby Seay: Time, place, and reflexivity: the recording space as an instrument 34

Samantha Talbot: Song Worlds: Spontaneity, Intimacy, and Immersion. Music Video from Glencoe  34

Concert & Paper presentation Henrik Frisk: Literate programming and documentation of artistic processes . Lilla salen 16:00   34

Panel 4: Final reflections & Future perspectives 16:40  35

The song "Smoke on the Water" was recorded by the British rock group Deep Purple and first released in 1972. The song had a global reach and contributed to Deep Purple's success and fandom. Smoke on the Water is also relevant to music education. The basic guitar riff in the song is easy to learn and has attracted many, especially boys and young men, to play guitar. And even today, 50 years later, it is common for pupils to know this riff and gladly show it to their teachers when they start taking music lessons. The purpose of the research project is therefore to analyse, problematize, and describe how and why Smoke on the Water has been important and how the song has contributed to music education and to get young people interested in guitar playing. The study finds its theoretical ground in the American psychologist Jerome Bruner’s nine tenets, all highly relevant to research in music education, complemented by other theories in pedagogy, economics, sociology, musicology, and gender studies. The empirical design includes interviews with music teachers, music leaders, music students and musicians in different countries as well as interviews with some original members of Deep Purple. The analysis confirms that it is a very well-known riff and that students in higher music education, still today, in general know the song Smoke on the Water well. Many also state that they have played the song in ensembles of various kinds. Many have also sung it. But despite this, most of the participating students in higher music education were ignorant to the lyrics, also among the singers who stated that they had performed the song. These findings are empirically surprising and leads to new questions and in-depth analyses. Why are the lyrics, for the students, clearly subordinate to the musical content? This, despite that previous research clearly shows that the lyrics, for many average listeners, can be just as, or even more, important as the music itself. Is this an example of an unspoken hierarchical value system in higher music education? These results indicate a field of tension, regarding what is important in a musical performance and in a piece of music, like Smoke on the Water, between those who perform and those who listen. The example above shows how this study can be used to clear the smoke and visualize areas with development potential within higher music education. 

In our ongoing project Searching for Sophia in Music Production, we explore factors that have been of great significance for the Swedish music wonder. In this paper, the aim is to identify important individuals in various genres that have paved the way for Sweden’s international success in music. One hypothesis we are working with is that a few innovative individuals who acted as "icebreakers" created smaller "clusters" centered around record companies that were highly influential. We present a selection of musical icebreakers and clusters that have successfully contributed to the Swedish music wonder: Stig "Stikkan" Anderson and Polar Music International AB, Bert Karlsson and Mariann Records, Ola H.kansson with Sonet and Ten Music Group, Robert von Bahr with BIS Records, Per-Olof "Pelle" Karlsson with Prim Records and Dag Volle "Denniz PoP" with Cheiron Studios. The study is methodologically based on literature studies and an inventory of source material as well as interviews with key people in Swedish music life. Theoretical perspectives include Jennifer Lena’s and Richard Peterson's (2008) model for the life cycles of genres, with stages of creation, development, conservation and stagnation, Paul Thompson's model for creativity in record production (2019) and Mats Trondman's theories of folk musical expression (1999). In addition, the analysis also uses theories in motivational research (Deci & Ryan, 2000) and entrepreneurial research with relevance to music and music industry development (Tschmuck, 2006; Östman 2018). Our analysis clearly shows that single theories cannot explain all essential parts of the Swedish music wonder. A combination of several theories and explanatory models is therefore needed. In our presentation, core issues around this are discussed.

ABSTRACT 

During the last two decades, many Swedish songwriters and music producers have been internationally successful. At the same time, more and more students in Swedish higher education have studied music production and other courses with music in combination with design and new media technology. In this research project Searching for Sophia in music production we study how various aspects, including the development of the music and media industry as well as individual initiatives, have contributed to the growing Swedish export of music. The term Sophia refers to ancient Greek knowledge typology and is used to summarize the theoretical framework of the project. Sophia is understood as wisdom, or sagacity, and can be described as the ability to think and act using knowledge, experience, understanding and reason. Previous research clearly shows a variety of competences that are used and needed among musicians, music producers and others active in the art of music production.  Leadership is a very important aspect of music production and that's why we explore what we can learn from Denniz PoP's (1963-1998) leadership when he collaborated with his closest colleagues, including multiple award-winning songwriter/producer Max Martin.  The empirical source material includes interviews as well as radio and television programs, literature and an extensive inventory of Swedish music industry and consumer magazines. The results include a 7-step model for music production but also indicate that Denniz PoP's true expertise was his ability to make others in a team grow and perform well. And what best characterizes that form of expert knowledge can certainly be described in many ways. Core characteristics appear to be thoughtfulness combined with both creative ability and perseverance as well as a sense of order and discipline, aspects that may be very challenging to fully implement as learning outcomes in music production education.

Although Sweden is a small country, the Swedish music exports have been successful for many years. In our ongoing research project: Searching for Sophia in music production, we study how various aspects linked to music production may have contributed to the Swedish music industry´s international achievements. In this sub-study we focus on production methods available today, including digital production tools for music, and compare those with the production methods that were used before the age of streaming, in the late 1990s. Several previous studies focus on the technological development of digital music production tools. However, surprisingly little attention has been directed towards how such tools can affect professional musical creativity and productivity. This sub-study includes a case study of the Swedish music producer Dag Volle (1963–1998), also known as Denniz PoP. Volle had some unique music producer skills and also developed new innovative music production methods. Previous research has so far largely ignored his works despite his importance for the success of Swedish music exports. Denniz PoP is also remembered as mentor of Martin Sandberg [Max Martin] and therefore we analyze how the new tools and methods, that have been added over the years, may have affected the creative process of Sandberg and other successful Swedish music producers. The empirical material includes published sources of various kinds as well as interviews, conversations and written communication with some of Volle's closest associates who still are internationally active as music producers. The results indicate, firstly, that digital tools can help but also hinder creativity, and secondly, that several of the most important aspects of Volle's strategy as a music producer, for example to be driven by intrinsic motivation and by implementing music productions through collaborative processes, are still very relevant today - in the age of streaming.

In recent years, there have been major changes in society on many levels. Such changes are of course of great importance to many urban residents. The changes we are referring to in this paper, are how people listen to music. On the streets and walkways in e.g. Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, large hordes of young men and women nowadays travel on electric scooters and almost everyone wears headphones and listens to music. Also on commuter trains, subways and buses, most of the travelers also wear headphones and listen to music. Thus, music is constantly present in these people's lives. But at the same time, music clubs and other music establishments, are often finding it increasingly difficult to achieve profitability due to a declining audience interest. Also traditionally successful music arenas such as the opera houses have problems to attract audiences, despite extensive and often very costly marketing. However, the big arena concerts with international artists still attract large crowds. This means that listening to music has evolved into something that usually happens entirely individually or on occasions in very large contexts, like e.g. at arena concerts. In this paper we highlight some of the challenges that young music producers face, due to the changing society, as they develop their artistic activities. The Swedish music industry has for many years been internationally successful and we present some core explanations of the success and also reflect on how societal development may need changes for future urban music development.

Our research project, “Searching for Sophia [Wisdom] in Music Production”, aims to discover the critical factors contributing to successful music production. We seek to gain a comprehensive understanding of Sweden’s music industry and music exports by exploring music production in the academic fields of music education, musicology, and sociology. Our goal is to gain a deeper understanding of what leads to success in the music industry. In this paper, we focus on the significance of creative leadership for achieving success in the music industry. We emphasize the importance of promoting and publishing music that reaches a large audience. During our research, we discovered a group of influential individuals in the Swedish music industry known as “icebreakers”. These individuals have a talent for straying away from traditional norms and following their instincts, leading them to new and uncharted paths. Their actions create opportunities for others to follow and build successful teams, known as “clusters”. The Swedish music industry and its exports have greatly benefited from these clusters. In this presentation, we focus on Bert Karlsson, a successful entrepreneur who established Mariann Records during the 1970s. The label repeatedly held about a third of the record market in Sweden. In this study we aim to determine the significance of Bert Karlsson’s leadership in the success of Mariann Records. Our analysis highlights the crucial success criteria that contributed to Mariann Records’ success and its significance for Swedish Music Wonder. We analyze the crucial personnel, infrastructure, entrepreneurship, marketing, artistic and technical qualities, and overall musical qualities that played a vital role in the success of Mariann Records. The empirical data includes an examination of various media materials and interviews with key personnel who were actively involved in Mariann Records.

Although there is a growing interest for music production in Swedish higher education, where many students today study the subject, we argue that music production may in many ways still be noticed as a blind spot in research. This paper explores how research and education in music production has emerged, in Sweden but also internationally, against the background of the ongoing research project Searching for Sophia in music production. This project investigates how various aspects linked to music production and music education have contributed to the Swedish music industry’s international achieve- ments. First, the development of music production courses and programmes in higher education is described, from the pioneering years in the 1980s until present. Next, we discuss key concepts in music production including the different phases of a music pro- duction and the role of the music producer. Thereafter we focus on four selected aspects of music production: creativity, innovation, motivation, and entrepreneurship. Further, future implications are discussed concerning the changes in how music is composed and produced, marketed, distributed, and how music is consumed today.

In his book Music, Ideas, History: Texts 1990–2022 (in Finnish: Musiikki, aatteet, historia: Tekstejä 1990–2022), Matti Huttunen sheds light on the world of Western art music by showing how past historiographies of music have given it form and meaning. While grounded in Dahlhaus’ principles of structural history, Huttunen also challenges such models by allowing greater interpretive multidimensionality. He believes that by studying past writings about music, we can learn about music and ourselves, but his research also reflects a Nietzschean distance to one’s own time. In future accounts of Finnish musicology, Huttunen’s writings may provide a focus for a "long 20th century" of musical historiography.

This study concerns classical musicians’ ability to recognize style periods from very brief visual exposure to musical notation. 25 professional pianists were shown nine 500-ms displays of musical excerpts from piano works by J. S. Bach, L. v. Beethoven, and F. Chopin. The pianists were told to describe what they saw and to assess the style period of the music. Recognition was relatively good: 49% of the verbal protocols included a correct style period label or the right composer name. Verbal protocols also supported the notion that style recognition chiefly relies on intuitive, holistic integration of information, rather than on reflective, analytic processing. First, correct responses regarding style period occurred significantly earlier than incorrect ones, which suggests that they may have taken place more intuitively. Second, correct recognitions were not preceded by richer spoken contents than was found in the case of non-recognition. Indeed, the opposite was the case for composer recognition, which again associates recognition with intuitive processing. It is argued that the rapid recognition of musical style characteristics is a prerequisite for stylistically sensitive sight reading.

The national project of Skansen was established at the end of the 19th century. Here, the Swedish is being created during a national romantic era by bringing folk culture from all provinces of the kingdom – to be displayed and brought to life at the capital’s open-air museum. The current research project focuses on the constitution of the Swedish when it comes to folk music. Skansen has, as an institution, become significant for knowledge production and the understanding of Swedish culture in several ways. Our contemporary understanding of Swedish folk music also originates from this time and the very event – the establishment of Skansen. Therefore, it is interesting to investigate how, and in what way, music becomes manifested and displayed at Skansen. One way to investigate this is to focus on a single fiddler – Johan Edlund from the Roslagen parish of Harg in Uppland, Sweden. Edlund, engaged as a fiddler 1896-1899, is portraited his first week at Skansen by the folk music collector Karl Peter Leffler. This book has, since its publication, been one of the oldest sources that later studies depart from. This research project, at hand, critically examines the origin of this manifestation of the Swedish. When it comes to Leffler’s transcribed music from Harg, it becomes clear that the music is not merely directly retrieved from the province to the capital. The presentation will show how national folk music is by far of a national origin but rather a conglomerate of international influences.

Just before the turn of the last century, the young and promising Swedish music ethnologist Karl Peter Leffler published Om Nyckelharpospelet på Skansen. In the writing, two detailed portraits are drawn of the fiddlers Johan Edlund and Jonas Skoglund, both of whom had been summoned from Uppland to contribute with folk music to the capital’s national project in Stockholm. The booklet has worked as the basis for several studies about the nyckelharpa, and folk music in general. The institution Skansen, is emerging as part of the Nordiska Museet under Artur Hazelius’ care. Here, the Nordic and the Swedish are being established during this national romantic era by bringing folk culture from all areas of the kingdom – to be displayed and brought to life at the capital’s outdoor museum. The current research project focuses on the constitution of the Swedish when it comes to folk music. Skansen has become significant for our knowledge of and how we understand Swedish culture. What kind of music was to become a part of the Swedish? One way to investigate this is to focus on a single fiddler – which in my case is one of the two fiddlers that Leffler highlights – Johan Edlund from the Roslagen parish of Harg in Uppland. The project, which is ongoing, tries to map the musical cultural geography of the 19th century and the Roslagen’s parish of Harg with the help of genealogical research using records of parish catechetical meetings, old maps, old national surveys from Nordiska Museet, photos, newspapers, and private correspondences. What was the musical life like for those who lived at this place at this time? What occasions, venues and contexts were music present in people’s lives? Where did the music stem from? How did they learn how to play and where did the instruments come from? The emerging picture around this fiddler, his playing and learning, shows, among other things, that it is not only Roslagen that brings music to the capital – musical influences also travel in the opposite direction. The patrons of the iron mill, järnbruken, of Uppland, often live with their families in the capital during the winter months where they enjoy musical salons as well as the city’s opera performances. They return to the estates during the spring and summer months where parties and dinners with ballroom dances offer the local fiddlers to play. At these events, the fiddlers seem to expand their repertoire with the novelty of the mill pattern drawn from the city’s social life. A picture of a give-and-take emerges, not only between the upper-class milieu and the common people but also between the capital city and the rural perishes as well as music genres in between.

Strax före förra sekelskiftet utkommer Karl Peter Leffler med en skrift om nyckelharpospelet på Skansen. I skriften tecknas två utförliga porträtt av spelmännen Johan Edlund och Jonas Skoglund, båda tillresta från Uppland enkom för denna uppgift. Institutionen Skansen, som växer fram under Artur Hazelius försorg, etablerar sig under denna nationalromantiska era genom att samla folklig kultur från riket och visa upp det svenska. Föreliggande forskningsprojekt fokuserar på en av dessa två spelmän, Johan Edlund, nybyggare på torpet Sundhagen vid Stockby i Hargs socken, Uppland. Projektet, som är pågående, försöker kartlägga Johans liv och leverne och vad som ligger bakom att han finns på Skansen 1896 och då beskrivs som en framstående spelman, en representant för den genuina folkkulturen. Vilka andra uppländska spelmän fanns att spela med och lära av i gårdarna och byarna kring Sundhagen? Hur ter sig musiklivet för de som bor på denna plats vid denna tid? Vilka tillfällen, spelplatser och sammanhang fanns att spela på och med vilka? Den bild som börjar växa fram kring denna spelman visar bland annat att det inte bara är Uppland som levererar musik till Stockholm – musikaliska influenser reser även i motsatt riktning. Brukspatronerna vid Hargs bruk vistas, med familj, i huvudstaden under vinterhalvåret där de njuter av musikaliska salonger såväl som stadens operaföreställningar. De återvänder till bruket under vår- och sommarmånaderna där fester och middagar med sällskapsdanser erbjuder traktens spelmän att spela. Vid dessa begivenheter verkar spelmännen utvidga sin repertoar med brukspatronens nyheter hämtade från stadens societetsliv. Fram växer en bild av ett givande och tagande, inte bara mellan stad och land utan även musikgenres emellan.

Frågor om vad musik gör med människor och vad människor gör med musik är fascinerande. Musik är ett av de viktigaste och största intressena i människors liv (Lilliestam, 2009). Därför är det lätt att förstå att människor under hela vår kända civilisation strävat efter att såväl spela och sjunga som att lyssna på musik. Sedan flera hundra år tillbaka finns väletablerade traditioner att kombinera musik med andra konstformer, som till exempel teater i form av opera eller dans genom balettföreställningar. Det finns också mycket gamla traditioner att använda musik i religiösa sammanhang, vid ceremonier eller festligheter av olika slag (Östman, 2018). Människors tankar om och värderingar av musik, samt i vilka syften musiken används påverkas och förändras av den omgivande kulturen. Och kulturer förändras och utvecklas. Dagens många metoder och tekniker för att producera, distribuera och konsumera musik är resultatet av en lång och omfattande medieteknisk utveckling (Burgess, 2014). Denna utveckling har haft mycket stor betydelse för hur musiken i vårt samhälle och de kulturer vi lever i har utvecklats. Samtidigt har vårt behov av musik efterfrågat och bidragit till utvecklingen av ny teknologi.

The field of research dedicated to Accessible Digital Musical Instruments (ADMIs) is growing and there is an increased interest in promoting diversity and inclusion in music-making. We have designed a novel system built into previously tested ADMIs that aims at involving assistants, students with Profound and Multiple Learning Disabilities (PMLD), and a professional musician in playing music together. In this study the system is evaluated in a workshop setting using quantitative as well as qualitative methods. One of the main findings was that the sounds from the ADMIs added to the musical context without making errors that impacted the music negatively even when the assistants mentioned experiencing a split between attending to different tasks, and a feeling of insecurity toward their musical contribution. We discuss the results in terms of how we perceive them as drivers or barriers toward reaching our overarching goal of organizing a joint concert that brings together students from the SEN school with students from a music school with a specific focus on traditional orchestral instruments. Our study highlights how a system of networked and synchronized ADMIs could be conceptualized to include assistants more actively in collaborative music-making, as well as design considerations that support them as facilitators.

I den här examensuppsatsen undersöks Franz Liszt och hans Ballad nr 2 i b moll. Genom detta ämnar jag ta reda på vad skräckromantiken egentligen var, vad som skapade den och om detta stycke är ett uttryck för tiden. Syftet är att undersöka stycket och försöka anknyta det till nutiden. Först gick jag noga igenom noterna och analyserade hur det musikaliska, dramaturgiska uttrycket hängde samman med orden, poemet. Efter att ha övat in själva melodin började ett sökande efter poemets berättelse i musiken, och en ny lång inövningsperiod där jag uttryckte historien i musiken, den som eventuellt fanns där men framför allt den egna tolkningen. Jag kom fram till att stycket var ett klart uttryck för det som kallas för skräckromantiken som många av verken Liszt och hans generationskollegor skapade.

Some triple-beat forms in Scandinavian Folk Music are characterized by non-isochronous beat durations: asymmetric beats. Theorists of folk music have suggested that the variability of rhythmic figures and asymmetric metre are fundamental to these forms. The aim of this study is to obtain a deeper understanding of the relationship between melodic structure and asymmetric metre by analysing semi-automatically annotated performances. Our study considers archive and contemporary recordings of fiddlers' different versions of the same musical pieces: polska tunes in a local Swedish tradition. Results show that asym-metric beat patterns are consistent between performances and that they correspond with structural features of rhythmic figures, such as the note density within beats. The present study goes beyond previous work by exploring the use of a state-of-the-art automatic music notation tool in a corpus study of Swedish traditional music, and by employing statistical methods for a comparative analysis of performances across different players.

In this paper we present ongoing work on the sonification of movements by dancers and players in Swedish folk music, with the aim to develop oral music theory tools for artistic and pedagogical purposes.

An advantage of using sonification in the exploration of dance and music interaction is that it places dance movements within the same sensory domain as music - sound. In general, human beings are more accurate in perceiving time differences with auditory than visual stimuli, and the ability to listen to the dance movements can facilitate a more precise understanding of the complex temporal relations between movements and music. Sonifying dance movements extend traditional music and dance practices into an artificially created sonic world. With sounding dance movements, the roles in the interaction of dancers and musicians become entangled, which can allow new ways of artistic expression.

This work aims at sonifying movement patterns in the dance in ways that 1) correspond to the embodied experience of the performers, 2) make the experience of how rhythms and meter interact in dancing and playing more tangible and, 3) allow for artistic explorations of performing with sonifications of dance.

As a first step we explore sonifying motion capture data of dancers and musicians performing together and sonify movements that are relevant to the rhythmic and metrical patterns of the music and dance forms. This initial focus on recorded data facilitates a sound design that involves first-person perspectives. To this end, we invite expert dancers and musicians to contribute to the design process. We sonify using WebaudioXML to facilitate accessible interactions in this process, through a web interface, and we will present the insights from our ongoing design process. In future extensions we aim to explore using real-time sensors to allow live interactions between sonified dancers and musicians.

Music-reading research has not yet fully grasped the variety and roles of different cognitive mechanisms that underlie visual processing of music notation; instead, studies have often explored one factor at a time. Based on prior research, we identified three possible cognitive mechanisms regarding visual processing during music reading: symbol comprehension, visual anticipation, and symbol performance demands. We also summed up the eye-movement indicators of each mechanism. We then asked which of the three cognitive mechanisms were needed to explain how note symbols are visually processed during temporally controlled rhythm reading. In our eye-tracking study, twenty-nine participants performed simple rhythm-tapping tasks, in which the relative complexity of consecutive rhythm symbols was systematically varied. Eye-time span (i.e., ‘‘looking ahead’’) and first-pass fixation time at target symbols were analyzed with linear mixed-effects modeling. As a result, the mechanisms symbol comprehension and visual anticipation found support in our empirical data, whereas evidence for symbol performance demands was more ambiguous. Future studies could continue from here by exploring the interplay of these and other possible mechanisms; in general, we argue that music-reading research should begin to emphasize the systematic creating and testing of cognitive models of eye movements in music reading. 

This presentation discusses features of the singing style in Swedish folk singing. This also leads to an attempt to describe some aspects of teaching folk singing style. In addition, it proposes a model for describing a singing style by combining particular features into a whole – a “singing style map” – as a compound concept. Individual features may be shared with other styles, allowing them to be combined into yet other singing styles. The presentation focuses on describing the features of the singing style from the singer's perspective and their usefulness for singing. It argues that, in folk singing, the singer’s voice quality and personality will always shine through even if stylistic features are shared within the style, which implies no contradiction. The features and the model describe both musical and technical aspects of singing, e.g. language as a tool for musical expression, voice mode, articulation, ornamentation, meter and phrasing, etc.

Within artistic research, we try out and formulate new methods for artistic practice. But how do we, in the best way, disseminate those? How do we present artistic methods for musical creation? Visually? Through objects? Through narrative? With word as a text? Through the” act of singing”? These are intriguing questions; even if the research thrives in the artistic practice, we still want to disseminate our findings broadly so that other artists and interested parties can use and build knowledge on that. 

This presentation will give examples of how to answer those questions by presenting findings from the project Folk Song Lab (supported by The Swedish Research Council 2019-2022), where, through collective improvisation, different artistic methods have been carved out and tested. Through art practice, the project has developed methods of singing from the perspective of flow parameters (Csikszentmihalyi) and ‘System 1’ (Kahneman). With a foundation from traditional singing and its stylistic and musical structure, a framework for creating anew has been formulated: a place, a time, and collective improvisation has been performed in a real-life performance. These findings and the different ways of disseminating them could be interesting not only within the field of folk singing or music but also be useful and give perspective in other genres and art forms. 

What happens when contemporary folk singers improvise end rhymes in the style of the Swedish medieval ballads? In an ongoing project – Folk Song Lab – folk singers collectively improvised ballads with end rhymes using different methods. How do different improvising methods affect the result? Is it possible to acquire additional skills in rhyming via improvisation? Furthermore – how do the singer’s expertise, the number of participants in a session, and the setting in which improvisation occurs affect the result? Can improvisation sessions promote a higher degree of variation in not only the melody but also the storytelling? These questions are discussed through a presentation of results from two different collective improvising sessions. 

In the artistic research project “Folk Song Lab” (Rosenberg, 2019-2021) methods for oral composition and improvisation is tested from the concept of the song as being a cognitive framework both when it comes to tonality, melody and lyrics referring to Bronson’s quote: “What was it she had carried in her memory? Not a text, but a ballad: a fluid entity soluble in the mind, to be concretely realized at will in words and music.”(Bronson, 1969:71)

By collective improvising sessions new songs are created in the project, both when it comes to melody and lyrics using rhyme as a vital ingrediency. The cognitive framework being useful both regarding to tonality and when it comes to text-formulas such as rhyme-pattern. The narrative starting point comes from structures that can be found in the Swedish medieval ballads and paring with different returning formulas (Jansson, 1999) such as “the grey horse”, “the green woods”, “the lily-white hand” by rhyming. In the Folk Song Lab project new ballads are improvised where the end-rhyme is a vital part. Also song-games that are promoting end-rhyme is tested in an improvisatory setting to enhance the participants internal knowledge in how to use rhyme as an tool for creating new songs.

How does todays folk singer deal with rhyming as a tool? How can you learn the skills of rhyming? What are the benefits of using rhyme in an improvisatory setting?

This paper presents findings from this ongoing research projects and compares these findings with traditional material. It will also present the viewpoint that improvisatory skills and creativity benefit from using formulas such as rhymes, and that internal knowledge could give room for strategies that promotes being freer in the moment (deManzano & Ullén 2012; Pinho et al 2016). This also reflects on the cognitive framework as useful when creating, and points back to quotation such as Albert Lord’s: “Our oral poet is composer. Our singer of tales is a composer of tales. Singer, performer, composer, and poet are one under different aspects but at the same time. Singing, performing, composing are facets of the same act.”(Lord, 2003).